Grammar for Class 11 Determiners, Tenses Modals and Prepositions

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Important for Grammar – Class 11


1. Determiners (निर्धारक शब्द)

Determiners are words placed before a noun to show number, quantity, possession, or specificity.

Types with Examples

1. Articles (a, an, the)

I saw a dog in the street.

She ate an apple.

The sun rises in the east.


2. Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)

This book is very interesting.

Those mountains look beautiful.


3. Possessives (my, your, his, her, our, their)

My brother is a doctor.

Their house is very big.


4. Quantifiers (some, many, much, few, several)

She has many friends.

We need some water.


5. Numbers (one, two, first, second)

I have two pens.

He stood first in the class.



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2. Tenses (काल)

1. Present Tense

(a) Simple Present

She plays tennis.

They study every day.


(b) Present Continuous

She is reading a book.

They are playing in the park.


(c) Present Perfect

She has finished her work.

I have seen that movie.


(d) Present Perfect Continuous

She has been studying for two hours.

They have been working since morning.



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2. Past Tense

(a) Simple Past

She visited Jaipur last year.

I watched a movie yesterday.


(b) Past Continuous

She was reading when I called.

They were playing cricket.


(c) Past Perfect

She had finished the work before evening.

I had left before he arrived.


(d) Past Perfect Continuous

She had been studying for three hours.

They had been waiting for a long time.



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3. Future Tense

(a) Simple Future

I will help you.

She will travel tomorrow.


(b) “Going to” Future

I am going to start a new course.

They are going to build a house.


(c) Future Continuous

She will be studying at night.

They will be travelling tomorrow.


(d) Future Perfect

She will have completed the work by evening.

I will have reached home by 8 pm.



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3. Modals (सहायक क्रियाएँ)

Can / Could (ability, permission)

She can speak English.

Could you help me?


May / Might (possibility, permission)

You may enter the room.

It might rain today.


Must (obligation, strong necessity)

You must follow the rules.

Students must wear uniforms.


Have to / Had to (compulsion)

I have to finish this work.

She had to leave early.


Should / Ought to (advice, duty)

You should study regularly.

We ought to respect our elders.


Will / Would (future, requests)

I will call you later.

Would you like some tea?



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4. Prepositions

1. Prepositions of Time

The meeting is at 10 a.m.

I was born in 2005.

We will meet on Monday.



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2. Prepositions of Place (Space)

The book is on the table.

The cat is under the chair.

She lives in Delhi.



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3. Prepositions of Motion

He walked into the room.

She ran across the road.

The bird flew over the tree.



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4. Prepositions Showing Mental Attitude

She is afraid of dogs.

He is fond of music.

They are interested in science.

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